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CNC machine tool mechanical parts have several characteristics

CNC machine tool mechanical parts have several characteristics

  • Categories:News
  • Time of issue:2022-04-21 09:51
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(Summary description)The CNC program is composed of the work instructions required for the automatic processing of parts by the CNC machine tool, including the necessary mechanical movements in the cutting process, part outline dimensions, process parameters and other processing information. The work of programming the program can be done manually, or a computer can be used outside the CNC machine tool. The automatic programming system is used to complete it. For parts with relatively simple geometric shapes, there are not many program segments, and manual programming can be used; for more complex parts, especially space curved parts, manual programming is cumbersome and time-consuming, and it is prone to errors, so an automatic programming method is required. .

CNC machine tool mechanical parts have several characteristics

(Summary description)The CNC program is composed of the work instructions required for the automatic processing of parts by the CNC machine tool, including the necessary mechanical movements in the cutting process, part outline dimensions, process parameters and other processing information. The work of programming the program can be done manually, or a computer can be used outside the CNC machine tool. The automatic programming system is used to complete it. For parts with relatively simple geometric shapes, there are not many program segments, and manual programming can be used; for more complex parts, especially space curved parts, manual programming is cumbersome and time-consuming, and it is prone to errors, so an automatic programming method is required. .

  • Categories:News
  • Time of issue:2022-04-21 09:51
  • Views:
Information

1. Programming and program carrier

The CNC program is composed of the work instructions required for the automatic processing of parts by the CNC machine tool, including the necessary mechanical movements in the cutting process, part outline dimensions, process parameters and other processing information. The work of programming the program can be done manually, or a computer can be used outside the CNC machine tool. The automatic programming system is used to complete it. For parts with relatively simple geometric shapes, there are not many program segments, and manual programming can be used; for more complex parts, especially space curved parts, manual programming is cumbersome and time-consuming, and it is prone to errors, so an automatic programming method is required. .

2. input device

The function of the input device is to convert the numerical control code information on the program carrier into the corresponding electrical pulse signal and transmit it to the memory of the numerical control device. According to the different program control media, the input device can be a photoelectric reader, a recorder or a floppy disk drive. The perforated paper tape is read with a photoelectric reader, and then a tape drive and a floppy disk drive are widely used. Some CNC machine tools do not use any program storage carrier, but manually enter the content of the program list through the keyboard on the CNC device. The numerical control program can be directly transmitted from the programming computer to the numerical control device by means of communication.

3. CNC device

The numerical control device is the core of the numerical control machine tool, including microcomputer, various interface circuits, displays and other hardware and corresponding software. It can complete information input, storage, transformation, interpolation operations and various control functions. The numerical control device accepts input devices The sent pulse signal, after compiling, operation and logic processing, outputs various signals and instructions to control various parts of the machine tool, and realizes the prescribed and orderly actions according to the program requirements. These control signals are: each coordinate axis. Command signals for feed displacement, feed direction and speed; command signals for speed change, reversal and start and stop of main moving parts; tool command signals for selecting and exchanging tools; Auxiliary signals such as opening, clamping, indexing table indexing, etc.

The functions of the numerical control device are: ① Multi-coordinate control; ② Interpolation of various functions; ③ Information conversion functions, such as inch/metric conversion, coordinate conversion, absolute value/incremental value conversion; ④ Compensation functions, such as tool radius Compensation, length compensation, transmission clearance compensation, pitch error compensation;

4.Strong electricity control device

The strong electric control device is a control system between the numerical control device and the machine tool machinery and hydraulic components. Its main function is to receive the spindle speed change, reversing, start or stop, tool selection and replacement, and indexing table output from the numerical control device. Signals of auxiliary operations such as indexing and locking, clamping or loosening of workpiece, opening or closing of cutting fluid, etc., after necessary compilation, logic judgment, and power amplification, directly drive corresponding executive components (such as electrical, hydraulic, etc.). Pneumatic and mechanical parts, etc.) to complete the actions specified by the instructions, so as to realize all the automatic operations of CNC machine tools in the processing process.

5. Servo control device

The servo system mainly completes the motion and motion control of the machine tool (including feed motion, spindle motion, position control, etc.), it consists of a servo drive circuit and a servo drive motor, and together with the executive components and mechanical transmission components on the machine tool form the CNC machine tool. Feeding system. It accepts the position control information from the numerical control device, converts it into the feed movement and precise positioning movement of the corresponding coordinate axis, and drives the movement of the machine tool actuator. Because it is the final control link of the numerical control machine tool, its performance will be It directly affects the production efficiency, machining accuracy and surface machining quality of CNC machine tools.

6.Mechanical parts of machine tools

Compared with traditional ordinary machine tools, CNC machine tool mechanical components have several characteristics:

(1) High-performance spindle and feed servo drive are used, the mechanical transmission structure is simplified, and the transmission chain is short.

(2) The mechanical structure has high dynamic characteristics, dynamic stiffness, damping stiffness, wear resistance and thermal deformation resistance.

(3) More efficient transmission parts are used, such as ball screw nut pairs, linear rolling guides, etc.

(4)There are also some supporting parts (such as cooling, chip removal, protection, lubrication, lighting, storage and transportation, etc.) and auxiliary equipment (programming machine and tool setting instrument, etc.)

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